The icons selected in the Wall of Troy series are harbingers of culture, large and small. The idioms are refusals, puns on "NO".

Lately I've been fascinated with idioms. I like the way they function parallel to literary irony; idioms are colloquial phrases whose intended meaning is unavailable (differs considerably) from it's literal meaning.

I think about these works as call and response, the iconographic image is the suggestion whereas the text responds. The text is not a caption in this way but rather the respondent, it's not a subtitle but a rebuttal.